Mountains.
THE MIGHTY CHUNKS rise everywhere the planet , including the oceans. they typically have steep, sloping sides and sharp or rounded ridges, and a part , called a peak or summit. Most geologists classify a mountain as a land form that rises a minimum of 1,000 feet (300 meters) or more above its surrounding area. A range may be a series or chain of mountains that are approximate .
How Are Mountains Formed?
The world's tallest mountain ranges form when pieces of Earth's crust—called plates—smash against one another during a process called tectonics , and buckle up just like the hood of a car during a head-on collision. Himalayas in Asia formed from one such massive wreck that started about 55 million years ago. Thirty of the world’s highest mountains are within the Himalaya. The summit of Everest , at 29,035 feet (8,850 meters), is that the highest point on Earth.
The tallest mountain measured from top to bottom is Mauna Kea , an inactive volcano on the island of Hawaii within the Pacific . Measured from the bottom , Mauna Kea stands 33,474 feet (10,203 meters) tall, though it only rises 13,796 feet (4,205 meters) above the ocean .
Volcanic mountains form when molten rock from deep inside the world erupts through the crust and piles abreast of itself. The islands of Hawaii were formed by undersea volcanoes, and therefore the islands seen above water today are the remaining volcano tops. Well-known volcanoes ashore include Mount St. Helens in Washington State and Fuji in Japan. Sometimes volcanic eruptions break down mountains rather than building them up, just like the 1980 eruption that blew the highest off Mount St. Helens.
It forms so-called dome mountains[0][. Wind and rain pummel the domes[5]. sculpting peaks and valleys[0]. Examples include the Black Hills of South Dakota and therefore the Adirondacks of latest York. Plateau mountains are almost like dome mountains, but form as colliding tectonic plates push up the land without folding or faulting. they're then shaped by weathering and erosion.
Other sorts of mountains form when stresses within and between the tectonic plates cause cracking and faulting of the surface , which forces blocks of rock up and down. samples of fault-block mountains include the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, the Tetons in Wyoming, and therefore the Harz Mountains in Germany.
Impact of Mountains on Habitats and Geopolitics
Mountains often function geographic features that outline natural borders of nations . Their height can influence weather patterns, stalling storms that rattle down the oceans and squeezing water from the clouds. the opposite side is usually much drier. The rugged landscapes even provide refuge and protection for fleeing and invading armies[0].
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